This report is a presentation of the tools and methods of a vulnerability and impacts assessment (VIA) of both climatic and non-climatic changes on ecosystem services and community livelihoods in the Panchase Mountain Ecological Region (PMER) of Nepal, with a focus on interventions for ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA).

It suggests options for adaptation to and mitigation of the negative impact of climate change including loss of agricultural productivity, ecosystem degradation, habitat fragmentation and the occurrence of invasive species with the aim of helping increase the resilience of local communities. 

Community-based resource management practices in Nepal recognize the importance of obtaining benefits from natural resources in a sustainable manner.

This makes these practices a useful entry point for ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA).