The power sector is the largest contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions. In 2010, the energy supply sector was responsible for approximately 35% of total anthropogenic GHG emissions.  To achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement, countries are required to peak greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible and achieve climate neutrality by mid-century. It is of paramount importance making efforts to transform and decarbonize energy systems that align with the Paris goals.

The energy supply sector offers a wide range of emerging decarbonization technologies with high potential for climate change mitigation. Such technologies also have relevance to multiple social and environmental co-benefits (e.g., employment and income generation for local communities, reduced impact on water and land).