In Tanzania agriculture is almost entirely driven by smallholder farmers still depending on the hand hoe, traditional rain-fed agriculture, and animal husbandry practices. Women account for more than 70% of the agricultural production especially food crops, and they play an important role in the efforts to transform Tanzanian agriculture. Productivity of agriculture remains low compared to Asia and Latin America. Frequent droughts and unreliable rainfall patterns aggravate food and livelihood insecurity for the majority of the rural population and the urban poor. Another challenge of the 21st century is climate change. Tanzania is endowed with different ecosystems and a variety of ecosystem services. The vulnerability of these services and to what extent they will be impacted by climate change is not well known. This report is written to describe the current farming situation in Njombe, one of the study areas for two Norwegian funded programmes. The report will be a basis for studies of changes in the farming systems both with respect to profitability to farmers in the area and their effects on GHG emissions. Similar studies are also planned for other parts of Tanzania.