Public water conservation campaigns description

Rainfall can provide some of the cleanest naturally occurring water that is available. There is considerable scope for the collection of rainwater when it falls, before huge losses occur due to evaporation, transpiration, and runoff and drainage - before it becomes contaminated by natural means or man-made activities. Rainwater harvesting is a particularly suitable technology for areas where there is no surface water, or where groundwater is deep or inaccessible due to hard ground conditions, or where it is too salty or acidic.

Description

Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is a water management approach that can be used to maximize

natural storage and increase water supply system resilience during periods of low flows and high

seasonal variability. During these periods, such as in the dry season, aquifers are intentionally recharged

to recover water. A managed recharge implies that the recharge process is controlled and ensures

health and environmental risks are minimized. MAR is a vital adaptation opportunity for developing

Description

Progressive pricing is an instrument to manage water demand and help reduce excessive water consumption through an economic dis-incentive. Progressive pricing means that water price rates per unit of volume increase, as the volume used increases. Thus the largest consumers of water pay higher rates for the volume of water consumed beyond a certain threshold.

Management, detection and repair of small leaks in a distribution system are critical functions of system operation and maintenance, yet they are often neglected. Large water main breaks can cause sensational damage and draw media attention, but those catastrophic failures only account for about 1% of water lost to leaks (USEPA, 2009). Some small leaks are noticeable at the ground surface and are easily identified, but many leaks continue below ground for months or years.

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Green spaces are areas covered by vegetation (e.g. grass, bushes or trees), where water can permeate

through the soil and vegetation, filtrating part of the sediment and pollutants before reaching the

underlying groundwater. Green spaces and permeable surfaces are particularly relevant in urban

settings, where they help to uptake and infiltrate water, decreasing runoff rates. The water also often

contains excessive amounts of pollutants. This subsequently reduces pressure on water drainage

Description

Improving irrigation efficiency aims at minimizing water use within the agricultural sector while continuing to maintain optimal crop productivity rates. Water (and energy) efficient irrigation also provides a number of environmental and socio-economic benefits. High irrigation efficiency is becoming increasingly important due to the current decrease in available water resources and growing populations that drive expansion of agricultural activities. 

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