Runoff control structures temporarily store rainfall. When a heavy rainfall event occurs, the volume of runoff into rivers increases dramatically, increasing the danger of flood damage. A water storage design can release the rainwater to the river over a longer period of time.
Agricultural drainage is carried out by systems that intercept and convey excess water across a plot and dispose of it in a safe location. The water is transported by gravity, in a non-erosive manner, in surface or sub-surface channels. The aim is to control the specific moisture content for each type of crop and avoid losses resulting from excess water in extreme situations.
Urban drainage and sewer systems are facing increasing pressures due to climate change and rapid urbanization rates. Common risks in these types of environments include sewer overflows due to heavy rainfall, and associated water contamination risks.
