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It is estimated that only a fraction of the one million tons of wastewater sludge is processed safely in Uzbek wastewater treatment plants. Around 93% of the wastewater generated by the densely populated Namangan province is discharged with a high risk of leakage to rivers and agricultural areas. As most areas are not connected to any wastewater treatment system, wastewater leakage threatens to contaminate the water, soil and food crops of the region.

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The construction industry is currently responsible for more than 23% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions and for 30% of global resource consumption. Maintaining this pattern in this sector, which depends on carbon-intensive machinery and materials, threatens to put the world on a fast track towards a global temperature rise of 3°C or more by 2050 (C40, 2020). 

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Jordan is one of four most water scarce countries in the world. This scarcity impacts every aspect of life within the country and is its greatest challenge to economic growth and development. Climate change is acting as a threat multiplier aggravating existing water vulnerability and availability due to decreased precipitation and higher rates of evaporation, as a result of increased temperature. It is also anticipated to increase the intensity of droughts in the country and the occurrence of flood events.