Colombia is renowned for its rich biodiversity, encompassing diverse ecosystems such as rainforests, paramos, and mangroves, each hosting numerous endemic species and crucial ecosystem services. Despite its lush environment with high humidity and rainfall, the country faces significant forest fire risks, particularly during dry seasons and El Niño events.

Thailand’s agricultural sector is exposed to increasingly frequent climate change-related extreme weather events. The fragility of the farmers being exposed to climate risk poses a threat to livelihoods and food security. Besides concrete risk mitigation measures, Thai farmers are in need of financial instruments that reduce the exposure to the economic impact of climate-induced agricultural losses.  

Ecuador is grappling with a significant drought issue, which has profound implications for its economic, social, and agricultural sectors. Droughts are synonymous with disasters, economic downturns, population displacement, and heightened poverty levels, particularly impacting key sectors such as agriculture, hydroelectricity, and water management. To mitigate these challenges, it is crucial to develop robust tools for drought monitoring, early warning, and assessment.

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A flurry of recent disasters in Malaysia has prompted increased concern over the impacts of extreme temperatures, strong winds and air pollution. These events have also revealed poor coordination and weak forecasting capacity for the prediction of floods and landslides, which has become increasingly important for major cities faced with the effects of climate change.

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Cambodia is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change and has difficulties in implementing the country’s climate change response due to a lack of available quality-assured information and knowledge on climate change in the country. Significant gaps still remain in creating the conditions for science-based climate-informed decision making, in particular related to the production, access and use of climate information at local levels.

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As a landlocked country, Mali is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate stress due to its socio-economic status, geographic location and climate-sensitive economy. Two thirds of the country is located in the arid Sahara and semi-arid Sahel. Mali is exposed to recurrent extreme events, including severe droughts with variable rainfall and catastrophic floods.