Background: Load management also known as demand side management allows utilities to reduce demand for electricity during peak usage times through activities or programs that promote electric energy efficiency or conservation or more efficient management of electric energy loads. This not only reduces costs for the utilities and the consumers but can also help reduce the emission of harmful greenhouse gasses. Often times however load management initiatives negatively impact the consumers’ comfort and convenience.

Energy storage is vital to balance uncertain electricity demand and fluctuating renewable sources. It is desired that the energy storage is able to provide both high power and high energy. However none of the energy storage in current market is able to match these requirements. Therefore it is necessary to combine different energy storages together to utilize their individual merits. To effectively connect various energy storages this work proposes a unique flexible power converter structure to interface battery and ultracapacitor.