This paper explores the challenges to water availability, water quality and freshwater biodiversity in Egypt. It focuses on Lake Nasser, Egypt"s "water tower", where a European Union Twinning team of experts performed an Integrated Water Resources Management Pilot Test and an assessment of current eutrophication risks. This paper provides complementary information to that publication, describing possible impacts deriving from future development in the area surrounding Lake Nasser, together with more detailed management recommendations.