This report summarizes the results of the application of Earth Simulator (ES) runs to model future climate in Latin America as part of efforts to better understand climate trends. The document begins with an update of observed and impending climate impacts in Latin America, prepared on the basis of recent reports, some of which have been commissioned by the region as part of the work in support of the portfolio of climate change activities. The summary of impacts paints a worrisome picture of ecosystems already under siege by the consequences of climate change. Subsequent chapters provide a brief description of the ES and summarize the results of the application of the ES data in some of the areas where the Bank is assisting the process of adaptation (Mexico, Colombia, the Tropical Andes). In the application of the ES data in Colombia, the analysis found a significant temperature anomaly for the Andes region, well in excess of the average anticipated temperature increases.