In Ethiopia, 60 per cent of the population is at risk of malaria. The transmission of the disease is unstable and the possibility of epidemics demand continuous vigilance and preparedness of the health system. The complexity of the transmission of the disease has become an impediment to retain the effectiveness of prevention and control strategies. This thesis analysed the local variations in the link between potential determinants of transmission – meteorological factors and malaria incidence. With the understanding of a need to incorporate non-meteorological factors, in an attempt to predict disease incidence, a detailed investigation was carried out in Chano Mille Kebele – one of the malarious Kebeles of Arba Minch Zuria district, Gamo Gofa zone, south Ethiopia. The local variations in meteorology-malaria link, the heterogeneous risk carried by different population segments and the observed effect of prevention strategies may help to revisit the approaches towards malaria – for which the author forwarded specific recommendations. (PhD dissertation)