This chapter presents a technology road map for reuse of the effluents produced by Brazilian oil refineries, which have a great need to minimise water use, a need that can be met through the significant recent technological advances. It includes the conventional treatment of refinery wastewater, a proposed technology road map for wastewater treatment for reuse by refineries. It also analyses the following technologies: membranes, membrane bioreactors, reverse osmosis, reverse electrodialysis, ion exchange and advanced oxidative processes. It also estimates of the costs and perspectives for application of these technologies in Brazil.