This road map envisages that by 2050, solar energy could annually produce 16.5 EJ of solar heating, more than 16% of total final energy use for low temperature heat, and 1.5 EJ solar cooling, nearly 17% of total energy use for cooling. For solar heating and cooling to play its full role in the coming energy revolution, concerted action is required by scientists, industry, governments, financing institutions and the public. This road map is intended to help drive these necessary developments.