There are several complex and interrelated challenges and barriers to achieving global food and nutrition security in an increasingly variable 
climate. Without urgent action for mitigation and adaptation, the world faces more loss and damage and this will further threaten the productive capacity and long-term viability of smallholder farmers.

Key issues noted in this briefing include:
1. Scale up proven action and practice;
2. Ensure equitable outcomes for women;
3. Give decision-making power to farmers;
4. Enhance nutrition security, not just food security;
5. Make mitigation an opportunity for, rather than a threta to food security;
6. Support markets and value chains for low-income producers and consumers.