This paper reviews the conditions that shape the climate policies of cities in developing countries.  It is argued that a city needs the following in order to advance climate compatible development effectively: Local government capacity including legal competence, appropriate human resources, access to funding and resources and technical expertise and information; problem framing including commitment and engagement and a strong case for action; political factors and actors, including a local leader, ‘political entrepreneur’ or champion. The findings were presented at the World Urban Forum in Medellin, Colombia, April 2014.