This study presents results of the combined effects of climate change and the direct effects of short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) on wheat and rice yields in India from 1980 to 2010. The statistical model suggests that, averaged over India, yields in 2010 were up to 36 per cent lower for wheat than they otherwise would have been, absent climate and pollutant emissions trends, with some densely populated states experiencing 50 per cent relative yield losses. Upper-bound estimates suggest that an overwhelming fraction (90 per cent) of these losses is due to the direct effects of SLCPs. Gains from addressing regional air pollution could thus counter expected future yield losses resulting from direct climate change effects of long-lived greenhouse gases (LLGHGs).