The rebound effect is defined as the unintended consequences of energy efficiency (EE) improvements which prevent the full realisation of the expected technical energy savings.  This report from Economic Consulting Associates, is an extensive literature review of the rebound effects of energy efficiency and renewable energy measures in developing countries. It aims to provide the UK's Department for International Development (DFID), the International Climate Fund (ICF) and other agencies with a guide to including the rebound effects in their option appraisals.