This paper makes several recommendations on developing a pro-poor Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) that includes mitigation and adaptation activities, particularly in Indonesia.

It argues that INDC presents two opportunities for developing countries: as an instrument for Parties to contribute in achieving the ultimate objective of the Convention, and as a means for developing countries to integrate a climate compatible development to achieve low carbon and resilient development.

The paper argues that poverty and inequality can be addressed while achieving low carbon development pathways. It presents integrating a pro-poor element into the development of INDC is a plausible option that will lead to improving resilience at the local, improving access to sustainable energy for the poor, and creation of green job through selective adaptation and mitigation actions.

[Adapted from source]