This paper is the second part of the two paper series focusing on the options for defining primary energy factors (PEFs) for renewables and clarifying the implications of these options in EU energy policy areas.

The aim of this paper is to present the current use of PEFs in EU legislation and provide an outlook on possible policy outcomes of using different PEF calculation methods in three energy policy areas and related EU legislation. This paper first describes how primary energy factors are used in the EU regulatory framework. Then, the study investigates to what extent different definitions of PEF for RE have implications on the three energy policy fields: EU Directives– Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), Energy Efficiency Directive (EED), Renewable Energy Directive (RED); the influence on the target setting in overarching EU communications and energy accounting (statistics). The case studies address the policy implications and challenges of using different PEF methodology under these three energy policy areas.