The report estimates the net benefits that cost-effective improvements in energy efficiency can bring to developing countries. The study focuses on four major electrical products in the world"s second largest developing country, India. These products - refrigerators, room air conditioners, electric motors, and distribution transformers - are important targets for efficiency improvement in India and in other developing countries. As India also serves as an example of the kinds of improvements opportunities that could be pursued in other developing countries, the study extends the findings to rough estimates of potential impacts in the rest of South Asia, the Middle East, and Africa.