This article investigates the potential of and constraints to a lowland rice Green Revolution in Mozambique, using data from an agro-climatically favourable area, the Chokwe irrigation scheme. Our data show that, although the potential is high, the insufficient supply of irrigation water, excessively expensive chemical fertilizer, and moderately costly labour hinder the scheme from achieving that potential. First of all, an improvement in irrigation is crucial as it increases yield not only directly but also indirectly through its complementary relationship to chemical fertiliser. Also, an improvement in credit access is important as it can increase the application of chemical fertilizer and labour by making the acquisition of these expensive inputs through markets possible. The unavailability of hired and exchange labour during peak seasons is another constraint to the intensive use of labour. The introduction of rice varieties with a shorter maturity duration would relax the timing of transplanting and thus spread out the peak seasons" labour demand.