From 2008 to 2010, ICIMOD, in partnership with partners in China, India, Nepal, and Pakistan, conducted a series of four case studies under the Sida-supported project Too Much and Too Little Water. The series looks at responses and field experiences to support the development of adaptation approaches, including policy and institutional support, to meet the challenges emerging from climate change and other drivers of change. This publication is based on one these case studies.

The purpose of the project outlined in this report is to explore agricultural diversification through the use of trees on farms in communities in China, Nepal, and Pakistan to support people’s capacity to adapt to change, particularly climate-related change. The study aims to highlight links between tree crops and local adaptation to climate change and quantify the role of tree crops in the management of mountain landscapes and livelihoods, the generation of income, and general productivity.