Madagascar is well-­‐known for its rich biodiversity and wealth of endemic species. However, it is expected that Madagascar will suffer especially from drought in climate change scenarios, with resulting impacts on ecosystems’ services and human well being. This article provides an overview of the methodology used to implement a payment for ecosystem services (PES) scheme, to contribute to different adaptation strategies, for example through increasing soil resilience, supporting food security, creating alternative sources of income for the communities, as well as establishing migration corridors for the species.