This report assesses the accomplishments to date, as well as the deficiencies in China's current vehicle emission control program. The report also assesses the impact of various policy options and implementation scenarios in the short and long term (between 2010 and 2030), covering urban and regional air pollutants as well as emissions of climate forcers. The scenarios include the potential tightening of vehicle and fuel standards along with improvements to the compliance program, improvements in fuel consumption standards, and the impact of advanced vehicle technologies and alternative fuels.