This chapter of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories provides methods for estimating emissions from the first use of fossil fuels as a product for primary purposes other than (1) combustion for energy purposes and (2) use as feedstock or reducing agent. The products covered here comprise lubricants, paraffin waxes, bitumen/asphalt and solvents. Generally, the methods for calculating carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from non-energy product uses follow a basic formula, in which the emission factor is composed of a carbon content factor and a factor that represents the fraction of fossil fuel carbon that is oxidised during use (ODU). Emissions from subsequent uses (e.g., energy recovery) are not covered.