This chapter offers a comprehensive overview about climate change mitigation in the agriculture sector. It covers the following contents: (1) the current status, development trends and different sources of GHG emissions in the agriculture sector worldwide; (2) the various greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation options and their cost levels; (3) the technical and economic potential of GHG mitigation in the agriculture sector; (4) the adaptation and other sustainable development benefits that can be expected from many mitigation actions and (5) the various policies and strategies that can stimulate climate change mitigation in the agriculture sector.