This report is one of six African country case studies commissioned by Christian Aid to support the report Low-Carbon Africa: Leapfrogging to a Green Future. The document includes a review of the current situation of energy in Rwanda (energy balance and energy access, renewables potential) and its relation with a low carbon development path. Case studies are presented to illustrate this situation, including the Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) Distribution Project, the National Domestic Biogas Programme and the Methane to Power process.