Literature Review: Real-World Fuel Consumption of Heavy-duty Vehicles in the United States, China, and the European Union

This paper presents summary data to describe the composition of the heavy-duty vehicle fleets in the United States, China, and the European Union in terms of vehicle population breakdowns and contributions to overall fuel use within the HDV sector. This snapshot of the three markets is followed by a description of heavy-duty vehicle fuel efficiency regulatory developments in the United States, China, and the European Union. The paper also discusses the different categories of fuel consumption data, what was available for the study and the value of various types of data for illuminating the fuel savings impacts of heavy-duty vehicle regulation.