The study documented in this journal article focused on the knowledge and perceived roles of state based-Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in climate change mitigation and adaptation in Anambra State, Nigeria. Results indicated that a greater proportion (60 per cent) of NGO members were not aware of climate change while about 63 per cent indicated that issues on climate change have not been included in their programme. They perceived major causes of climate change as over industrialisation and use of motor vehicles, while land degradation and over flooding were major effects of climate change. Proper land use and management and reforestation/were mitigation measures while minimum tillage and use of resistant varieties were adaptive measures to climate change as perceived by them. They further perceived creation of awareness and sensitisation of rural people/farmers about climate change and helping government in enforcement of policies and laws that will help to mitigate climate change as roles they can play in climate change mitigation and adaptation.