This study examines the use of saline water for irrigation of Mediterranean crops. In regions affected by water scarcity such as the Mediterranean basin, water supplies are already degraded, or subjected to degradation processes, which worsen the shortage of water. Reduced water supplies induce restrictions on water uses and allocation policies among different user sectors. In such regions, the competition for scarce water resources among users will inevitably reduce the supplies of freshwater available for crop irrigation. As a consequence, agriculture will increasingly be forced to utilize marginal waters such as brackish water or reclaimed effluent to meet its increasing demands, which in turn increases the risks of soil salinization and yield reduction.