This paper provides an overview of innovative options for developing and using water for food production in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in light of the growing scarcity and competition for water resources. These options include rainwater harvesting, selective development of wetlands for agriculture, exploitation of shallow groundwater and recycling urban waste. The options are largely based on low-cost individualised technologies, which lend themselves to private-sector promotion. Water-demand management approaches are also discussed.