This Oxfam research report focuses on coffee-based livelihoods in Uganda, where Arabica coffee production faces severe threat from rising temperatures. First, the areas suitable for growing Arabica coffee in Uganda were mapped, together with a projection to 2030 and 2050. Then, a study of farmers’ perceptions was carried out in Kasese where farmers from two sites were interviewed. The climate change mapping showed that areas suitable for growing Arabica coffee will reduce drastically in the future. Future production losses are estimated to reach tens of millions of US$ annually. Farmers perceived that droughts were becoming longer, and rainfall during the rainy season more erratic and shorter. An adaptation strategy already used locally is adding shade in the coffee systems, although as a downside this increases need and competition for water. Without adaptation, large numbers of relatively poor smallholder farmers will suffer disproportionate impacts and risk falling further into poverty.