According to this report, fuel switching from natural gas and oil to coal, residual oil and biomass fuels in industrial applications is possible in many industries. However, the implementation of fuel switching options discussed will face a variety of issues, including fuel and fuel transportation availability, transportation and storage of conversion fuels, costs of emissions control, costs of conversion, loss of capacity from equipment de-rating and limitations of plant space. While fuel switching can create business and commercial benefits nationally, it does not provide a direct energy-saving benefit except for cases where a primary fuel is switched to a waste or a by-product fuel.