Indian cities have experienced unforeseen population growth over the last two decades and this trend is expected to continue over the next two decades. With increasing population, the housing stock will grow manifold and affordable housing will be the biggest challenge to meet. One of the greatest fallouts of rapid urbanization is seen in dilapidated and congested dwellings for the economically weaker segment of the urban population. Both private developers and government schemes which cater to this segment of housing need to ensure digni ed and comfortable living for the urban poor. At a parallel front, due to climate variability over the past few decades there has been evidences of increase in extreme events. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the land and ocean surface temperatures have undergone an increase of around one degree over the past century. In India, the mean maximum temperature has shown a rising trend across most geographies. The impact of increasing temperature combined with urban heat island effect is expected to be specially severe for economically weaker population, increasing vulnerability of its section of children and aged population. Along with the growing aspiration amongst urban residents to own a house, people are willing to invest on technologies to modify their living environment and increase their comfort levels. The growing demand for air conditioning units and air coolers are best examples where people are willing to make both capital investments and operational expenses to suit their needs. Given this scenario of rapid urbanization, increase in built environment especially within urban areas and increase in an overall mean maximum temperature, indoor environmental comfort of dwellings becomes one of the most critical areas to address, both from the viewpoint of its intensive energy demand and its affordability for economically weaker segment of population. In order to address the above challenge as a part of the Rockefeller funded Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network (ACCCRN) we have experimented 13 different cooling options demonstrated over 40,000 square feet of roof area in Surat and Indore, bene tting over 100 households. Cool roof options are passive means of achieving thermal comfort which don’t rely on electrical means of space cooling. Some of these cool roo ng options enhance thermal comfort by 2 to 4 degree centigrade and a few by more than 5 degree centigrade as compared to RCC roof slab. These cool roof options with minimal operational cost (mostly onetime cost of implementation) will bene t residents in terms of increasing their thermal comfort without placing demands on their energy requirement for indoor environmental comfort. Monitoring results indicate that cool roofs can bring about appreciable reduction in indoor temperatures of up to 4 degrees more as compared to conventional RCC roofs during peak summer conditions when temperatures cross 40 degrees C. This is specially beneficial for low-income group population who don’t have the means for energy intensive options such as air conditioning. The implementation of these options can be done at a fraction of cost if implemented during construction of the building. This document will act as a handbook for urban practitioners and managers highlighting some of the types of technology which can be implemented, how they can be implemented, indicative bene t of thermal comfort and the indicative cost for implementing cool roof options for increased comfort. This is intended to help users in choosing a cool roof option which best meets their purpose.