Described as “a roadmap, a blueprint, an engine of change, a theory of action and more” (Stein and Valters 2012: 5), ‘Theory of Change’ (ToC) outlines the building blocks and the relationships between them that would lead to the accomplishment of a long-term goal. This report describes the ToC approach and an explanation given as to why it is a good fit for climate change adaptation programming. Differences with the more familiar logic model / logical framework (‘logframe’) approach are highlighted – and also show how they can be used together. A hypothetical ToC exercise is given and advice on how to avoid the disadvantages and pitfalls that can occur when applying this model. The conclusion gives a ‘real world’ example of how one agency has used ToC to enhance its work.