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This report examines the role of coal as an energy source in a world where constraints on carbon emissions are adopted to mitigate global climate change. The report aims to identify measures that should be taken to ensure the availability of demonstrated technologies that would facilitate the achievement of carbon-emission reduction goals while continuing to rely on coal to meet a significant fraction of the world's energy needs. The report concludes that carbon dioxide capture and sequestration is critical enabling technology for reducing carbon dioxide emissions significantly while allowing coal to meet the world's pressing energy needs.