This report systematically compared patterns of energy use, energy spending, and fuel switching across eight diverse developing nations: Brazil, Ghana, Guatemala, India, Nepal, Nicaragua, South Africa, and Vietnam. The study was motivated by the need of policymakers for reliable up-to-date information on fuel usage, electricity coverage, distributional implications of subsidies and taxes, and the affordability of energy prices. The report clarifies the common confusion between fuel uptake and fuel switching, which can affect energy policy.