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The report is a direct response to a request by CoP9 to the Convention on Biological Diversity to explore the links between biodiversity, forest ecosystem resilience and climate change. Forests are major pools of terrestrial biodiversity and contain about 50% of the global terrestrial biomass carbon stocks, and emissions from deforestation remain a significant source of GHG emissions. Thus, conservation, management and restoration of forests will make a major contribution to climate change mitigation. This report reviews the concepts of ecosystem resilience, resistance and stability in forests and their relationship to biodiversity, with particular reference to climate change.