The synthesis paper has helped us document information from the respective case study areas, including both the traditional ecological knowledge and the current agroforestry practices in the context of climate change. By no means is the information in this paper exhaustive, but it gives a better understanding of the situation currently faced by these countries. The paper suggests scaling up some of the already available agroforestry practices in these countries and identifying gaps in knowledge, which then point to what kinds of agroforestry research should be conducted to address climate change mitigation and adaptation in the future.