The primary goal of this study was to identify a range of agricultural research priorities for achieving sector productivity and overall economic growth in southern Africa, at both the country and regional levels. Results indicate a high potential of spillovers and technology adaptability across countries in the reigon, due to similar agroecological and climatic conditions and the countries’ own capacities for adaptive research & development (R&D). The greatest agriculture-led growth opportunities are in staple crops and in roots and tubers, especially among the low-income countries. There are differences (areas of comparative advantage) at the country level that offer opportunities for specialisation. The results are taken to emphasize the importance of expanding regional cooperation in R&D and technology diffusion in southern Africa, as well as the importance of strengthening regional agricultural markets and linkages with nonagricultural sectors.