This study examines how energy needs for human and economic development can be met in a way that is compatible with long-term sustainable development at the global scale. It pulls together insights from global energy and sustainability scenarios, case studies of socio-technical transformation of energy systems on both the supply and demand sides, and reviews of policy mechanisms and governance frameworks. The report argues that there is a need for transparency in how climate finance and Overseas Development Assistance (ODA) commitments contribute to investment in sustainable energy for all, particularly in developing countries. It also calls for a shared global development agenda in which energy goals are set as sustainable development goals.