This report describes assesses how EU Member States define the issues of energy poverty and vulnerable consumers, and the measures that have been implemented to address them. The review highlights the distinctive ways in which Member States have both recognized and chosen to address the issues of vulnerable consumers and energy poverty. The report also highlights that energy poverty is a linked yet distinctive issue from vulnerable consumers and that it requires different metrics to define it and different measures to tackle it. The authors estimate that less than a third of Member States recognize energy poverty at an official level, while only France, Ireland, Slovakia and the UK have legislated definitions.