The conventional way of framing the dialogue on climate compatible strategies is based on solutions that attempt to address problems of growth, poverty, mitigation and adaptation simultaneously. This report argues that such a conception may be misleading and suggests there is a fundamental difference between solving problems related to rising affluence (energy infrastructure and mitigation) and problems related to persistent poverty (energy access and adaptation). The report explores the consequences of a different approach for energy aid architecture by analysing three major challenges that confront the development aid and climate change communities today: mobilising adequate funds, safeguarding aid effectiveness and stimulating appropriate systems innovation.