The primary objective of this project is to support enabling activities for the preparation of the Second National Communication of the Argentine Republic to the Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Following are some of the project components: National Greenhouse Gases (GHG) Inventories - The main objectives of this component are to upgrade national inventories of GHG emissions and to develop indicators for evaluation of national emission trends. Vulnerability Assessment and Institutional Strengthening for Adaptation - This component complements previous work and consists of vulnerability studies to assess the impacts of climate change on the water resources of humid region of the country, where the large majority of the population is concentrated and where most of the economic activity of the country occurs. Vulnerability of the coastal zone - The study will assess the relative impact of climate change and human action on the degradation of the coastline of the Rio de la Plata. Vulnerability of the Pampa Bonaerense - This study is directed at evaluating the impact of climate change on the water resources of the Pampa Humeda. Vulnerability of agriculture production in the Pampa Humeda. This study will analyze the effects of climate change on the productivity and the vulnerability of crops in the region and erosion in the higher part of the relevant tributary basins. Vulnerability of the water resources in the Litoral-Mesopotamia. The objectives of the study are: (a) to determine how climate change, and more specifically higher precipitation rates are likely to affect the major rivers of the area; (b) to estimate the extent of the damages that may occur as a result of the changes; (c) to determine the socio-economic impact of the flooding on the region and the effects on its economic growth; and (d) to propose mitigation