HFCs and, to a very limited extent, PFCs, are serving as alternatives to ozone-depleting substances (ODS) being phased out under the Montreal Protocol. Current and expected application areas of HFCs and PFCs include: refrigeration and air conditioning, fire suppression and explosion protection, aerosols, solvent cleaning and foam blowing. This chapter of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories provides a general framework and specialized guidance for estimating emissions from ODS substitutes and their different applications.