This report makes the case for addressing ecosystem degradation as one of the root causes of risk and vulnerability and for opting for ecosystem-based solutions as a way to reduce disaster risk and build community resilience. It focuses on water-related hazards in particular, as they make up a vast majority of risks, and are often exacerbated by inadequate water and natural resource management. It argues that, until recently, the world’s response to inevitable climate change was based on producing ever more precise forecasts of what would happen locally then working out how to 'adapt' to the change. The report argues that there is a growing realisation that we will never know in any detail what is coming down the track.