The critical role of Technology Justice in effective adaptation. Agricultural adaptation to climate change is critical for food security and economic development; if it is to be truly
‘climate-smart’ for smallholder farmers, it must be inclusive and protect the natural resource base upon which
agricultural livelihoods depend. This paper uses Technology Justice as a lens to discuss the climate resilience of
smallholder agriculture systems. It argues for user-centred technological innovation and supports agroecological
approaches as a powerful way to promote the inclusion of marginalized farmer groups, increase adaptive capacity,
and realize food security and economic development in the context of climate change.