This handbook has been developed by UNEP to provide an overview and capacity-building for local government stakeholders about mechanisms to finance climate change adaption and mitigation. The second chapter lays out the international context to climate change mitigation, including the key challenges and opportunities for both cities and buildings, suggesting some tools to access climate finance. The third outlines the ‘Measuring, Reporting and Verification’ (MRV) principles, arguing they are very important for GHG mitigation activities. Chapter four, still focussing on cities and building, describes both climate and carbon finance and their key access mechanisms. The report utilises case urban studies which implemented mitigation from climate and carbon finance in order to demonstrate best practise and learnings from climate and carbon finance.