This chapter presents issues and case studies relevant to human health in cities under climate change induced conditions.

It argues that almost all the impacts of climate change have direct or indirect consequences for human health and that for a number of reasons city dwellers – especially those in low- and middle income nations – are especially vulnerable. The chapter discusses the most relevant conclusions from the health chapter of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, looking at its application to cities. It presents an overview of urban health outcomes and their climate-related drivers and discusses the factors that can modify the impacts, including examples.

The chapter is taken from Climate Change and Cities: First Assessment Report of the Urban Climate Change Research Network, which was published in 2011.