The species of the tropical Andes - an area incredibly rich in biodiversity - are suffering from multiple pressures related to human population growth and its consequences, particularly the negative effects of climate change. This book highlights that changes in average temperature will be accompanied by large fluctuations and long-lasting changes in the distribution and amount of precipitation, as well as the elevation of clouds in the region. It presents a synthesis of the biogeographical patterns and a comprehensive assessment of how climate change is expected to affect the biodiversity of the area. The publication hopes to aid conservation and adaptation planning in the tropical Andes.